DERECHOS TERRITORIALES Y LA DEMANDA BOLIVIANA EN LA HAYA: ¿TIENE SUSTENTO MORAL EL DERECHO A UN ACCESO SOBERANO AL OCÉANO PACÍFICO?
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Palabras clave:
Acceso soberano
derecho a territorio
Océano Pacífico
condición meditarránea
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Resumen
El presente cuaderno de trabajo analiza desde una perspectiva normativa el reclamo de Bolivia por tener un acceso soberano al Océano Pacífico. Específicamente, busca determinar si existen principios éticos y morales que sustenten el ‘derecho de acceder al mar’. A diferencia de otras disputas territoriales internacionales, el país vecino no exigiría la restitución de un territorio específico, sino que reclamaría acceso a un recurso, el Océano Pacífico, independiente del segmento de tierra por el cual esto suceda. Justifica su reclamo argumentando que su condición mediterránea limitó su desarrollo económico y social. En este ensayo argumento que, incluso de llegar al extremo de aceptar que Bolivia tuviese derecho a un acceso soberano al Pacífico, ello no implica necesariamente que tenga derecho a territorio, por un lado, ni que la soberanía que reclama sea exclusiva y excluyente, por el otro. Si ya es difícil desde una perspectiva normativa justificar acceso exclusivo a un recurso natural, es más difícil aseverar que este derecho surge de los beneficios económicos derivados de explotarlo económicamente, porque todos los países y naciones tienen esa necesidad y sus autoridades el deber de promover el desarrollo económico y social.
Detalles del artículo
Zambrano Ramirez, P. (2021). DERECHOS TERRITORIALES Y LA DEMANDA BOLIVIANA EN LA HAYA: ¿TIENE SUSTENTO MORAL EL DERECHO A UN ACCESO SOBERANO AL OCÉANO PACÍFICO?. Cuaderno De Trabajo, (5), 1-27. Recuperado a partir de https://www.publicacionesanepe.cl/index.php/cdt/article/view/924
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ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. 2002. The social contract. Edtion ed.: Yale University Press.
SATER, William F. Andean tragedy: fighting the war of the Pacific, 1879-1884. 2007. Edtion ed.: U of Nebraska Press.
SCHMITT, Carl. Political theology: Four chapters on the concept of sovereignty. 1985. Edtion ed.: University of Chicago Press.
SIMMONS, A John. On the territorial rights of states. Nous, 35(s1), 2001. pp. 300-326. STILZ, Anna. Nations, states, and territory. Ethics, 121(3), 2011. pp. 572-601.
BARKIN, J Samuel. The evolution of the constitution of sovereignty and the emergence of human rights norms. Millennium-Journal of International Studies, 27(2), 1998. pp. 229-252.
CANEY, Simon. Review Article: International Distributive Justice. Political Studies, 49(5), 2001. pp. 974-997.
CANEY, Simon. Justice Beyond Borders: A Global Political Theory. 2005.Edtion ed. CBC News. 2012. Ceremony to mark forced relocation of Inuit village. In.
COLLIER, Simon y SATER, William. A history of Chile 1808-2002. Edtion ed. 2004. New York: Cambridge University Press.
FARCAU, Bruce W. The Ten Cents War: Chile, Peru, and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific, 1879-1884. 2000. Edtion ed.: Greenwood Publishing Group.
FITZMAURICE, Andrew. The genealogy of terra nullius. Australian Historical Studies, 38(129), 2007. pp. 1-15.
GOBIERNO de Bolivia. Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile), Preliminary Objection, Public Sitting. In. 2015.
GODOY, Oscar. La democracia en Aristóteles: los orígenes del régimen republicano. 2012. Eds. Universidad Católica de Chile.
GOVERNMENT of Bolivia. Obligation to Negociate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile). 2013. In International Court of Justice.
HOBBES, Thomas. Leviathan. edited by J.C.A. GASKIN. Edtion ed.: 1998. Oxford University Press.
JOHNSON, Curtis. The Hobbesian conception of sovereignty and Aristotle's Politics. Journal of the History of Ideas, 46(3), 1985. pp. 327-347.
KANT, Immanuel. Kant: The metaphysics of morals. Edtion ed.: Cambridge University Press. 1996.
KOLERS, Avery. Land, conflict, and justice: A political theory of territory. 2009. Edtion ed.: Cambridge University Press.
KRASNER, Stephen D. Sovereignty: organized hypocrisy. Edtion ed.: 1999. Princeton University Press.
KRASNER, Stephen D. The hole in the whole: Sovereignty, shared sovereignty, and international law. Michigan Journal of International Law, 25, 2003. 1075.
KRASNER, Stephen D. The case for shared sovereignty. Journal of Democracy, 16(1), 2005. pp. 69-83.
LANSING, A. Unique International Problem. The American Journal of International Law, 11(4, Oct), 1917. 763-771.
LEIB, Karl. 2015. State Sovereignty in Space: Current Models and Possible Futures. Astropolitics, 13(1), 1-24.
LOCKE, John. Second Treaty of government. edited by C.B. MACPHERSON. 1980. Edtion ed.: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Indianapolis.
MANCILLA, Alejandra. 2016a. Review Article: The environmental turn in territorial rights. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 19(2), 221-241.
MANCILLA, Alejandra. Shared Sovereignty over Migratory Natural Resources. Res Publica, 22(1), 2016b. 21-35.
MARITAIN, Jacques. El hombre y el Estado. Edtion ed. 1952. Buenos Aires: Editorial Guillermo Kraft Limitada.
MILLER, David. National Responsibility and Global Justice. 2007. Edtion ed.
MILLER, David. Territorial rights: concept and justification. Political Studies, 60(2), 2012. 252-268.
Moore, Margaret. 2015. A political theory of territory. Edtion ed.: Oxford University Press. NINE, Cara.. A Lockean theory of territory. Political Studies, 56(1), 2008.148-165.
NINE, Cara. Global justice and territory. 2012. Edtion ed.: Oxford University Press. NINE, Cara. Resource Rights. Political Studies, 61(2), 2013. 232-249.
NINE, Cara. When affected interests demand joint self-determination: learning from rivers. International Theory, 6(01), 2014. 157-174.
PEDERSEN, Torbjørn. The Svalbard continental shelf controversy: Legal disputes and political rivalries. Ocean Development & International Law, 37(3-4), 2006. 339-358.
PEDERSEN, Torbjørn. The dynamics of Svalbard diplomacy. Diplomacy and Statecraft, 19(2), 2008. 236-262.
PERRIER Brusle, Laetitia. La Bolivie, sa mer perdue et la construction nationale. Annales de géographie, (689), 2013. 47-79.
PHILPOTT, Daniel. Sovereignty: An introduction and brief history. Journal of international affairs, 1995. pp. 353-368.
PHILPOTT, Daniel. Sovereignty. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online]. 2016.
POGGE, Thomas. A global resources dividend, In David CROCKER AND Toby LINDEN eds. Ethics of Consumption: The Good Life, Justice, and Global Stewardship. Boston, Maryland.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1998, pp. 501-536.
POGGE, Thomas W. World poverty and human rights. 2008. Edtion ed.: Polity.
POP, Virgiliu. Appropriation in outer space: the relationship between land ownership and sovereignty on the celestial bodies. Space Policy, 16(4), 2000. pp. 275-282.
ROSSI, Christopher R. 'A Unique International Problem': The Svalbard Treaty, Equal Enjoyment, and Terra Nullius: Lessons of Territorial Temptation from History. 2016. Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 15.
ROSSI, Christopher R. A Case Ill Suited for Judgment: Constructing 'A Sovereign Access to the Sea' in the Atacama Desert. 2017. University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 48(28).
ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. 2002. The social contract. Edtion ed.: Yale University Press.
SATER, William F. Andean tragedy: fighting the war of the Pacific, 1879-1884. 2007. Edtion ed.: U of Nebraska Press.
SCHMITT, Carl. Political theology: Four chapters on the concept of sovereignty. 1985. Edtion ed.: University of Chicago Press.
SIMMONS, A John. On the territorial rights of states. Nous, 35(s1), 2001. pp. 300-326. STILZ, Anna. Nations, states, and territory. Ethics, 121(3), 2011. pp. 572-601.